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In this post, the Matrix Maths Team present the solutions to the 2020 Maths Standard 2 paper.
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The Matrix 2020 HSC Maths Standard 2 Exam Paper Solutions are here!
Have you seen the 2020 HSC Mathematics Standard 2 exam Paper yet?
In this post, we will work our way through the 2020 HSC Maths Standard 2 exam paper and give you the solutions, written by our Head of Mathematics Oak Ukrit and his team.
In this video, Head of Maths Oak Ukrit solves the common questions from the 2020 HSC Maths Advanced and Maths Standard 2 papers.
Read on to see how to answer all of the 2020 questions.
| Question Number | Answer | Solution |
| 1. | C | A parabola is defined by the \(x^2\) term in its equation. |
| 2. | D | Zeroes between two non-zero numbers (in this case 2 and 7) are significant. |
| 3. | C | \(S = \frac{D}{T} \rightarrow T = \frac{D}{T} \rightarrow D = \frac{75}{50} = 1.5 \ hours\) |
| 4. | B | \(200(1+\frac{0.03}{12})^{18} = $209.19\) |
| 5. | A | The absolute error is \(0.05\) cm Error \(\approx \frac{0.05-16}{16} = 0.003125 = 0.3125%\) |
| 6. | D | Let \(x = 0, y = -1\). Let \(x = 5, y = -11\). The value of \(y\) has decreased by \(10\). |
| 7. | A | |
| 8. | A | French: \(\frac{82-70}{8} = 1.5\), Commerce: \(\frac{80-65}{5} = 3\), Music: \(\frac{74-50}{12} = 2\) |
| 9. | B | Each player plays against 3 others. The only network with 3 lines connecting to each point is B. |
| 10. | D | Initial cost \(C = $90\), hourly cost \(= $2 \times 60\) minutes \(= $120\). |
| 11. | C | \($10000(0.92)^{10} = $4343.88\) |
| 12. | D | Coefficient is negative, so the graph must be going downwards. It cannot be B as there is a value not on the straight line, meaning that the coefficient would not be close to -1. |
| 13. | A | Time for BAC of \(0.08375\) to reach zero \(= \frac{0.08375}{0.015} = 5.5833 =5\) h[/latex]35[/latex] min Time for BAC of \(0.05[latex] to reach zero [latex]= \frac{0.05}{0.015} = 3.333 = 3\) h \(20\) min Time taken to get from BAC of \(0.08375\) to \(0.05 = 5 h 35 min – 3 h 20 min = 2\) h \(15\) min Time when BAC of \(0.05\) reached \(= 10:30\) pm \(+ 2\) h \(15\) min \(= 12:45[latex] am |
| 14. | A | |
| 15. | B | The possible combinations of (dice value, table value) are (1, 6), (2, 3), (3, 2), (6, 1). Each of these has a probability of [latex]\frac{1}{6}*\frac{1}{8} = \frac{1}{48}. 4*\frac{1}{48} = \frac{1}{12}\) |
| \begin{align*} tan(\theta) = \frac{\text{opposite}}{\text{adjacent}} = \frac{8}{10} = 0.8 \\ \theta = tan^{-1}(0.8) \approx 39°\\ \end{align*} |
| \begin{align*} x^2 = \sqrt{8^2 + 10^2} \\ x^2 = 164 \\ x = 12.8 \end{align*} |
Area of the \(5 \times 5\) section is \(5 \times 5 = 25m^2\), meaning there are \(8\) trees for every \(25m^2\) of land.
The area of the whole block of land is \(1000\times1000 = 1000000m^2\)
The total number of tress is \(\frac{1000000}{25}\times 8 = 320000\) trees.
Starting from vertex A, there are multiple spanning trees possible.
Minimum length of spanning tree = 14.
Adding point \(K\) means adding another vertex. This can happen at either \(AK(12)\) or \(CK(10)\). For the minimum we want \(CK\), so the minimum length is \(14 + 10 = 24\) units.
Reading from the graph, \(x = 200m\).
The graph is at the largest value of \(A\) when \(x = 150m\).
The value of \(y\) can then be found from the fence equation by substituting \(x = 150\).
| \(3x + 2y = 900 \rightarrow 2y = 900 – 3x \rightarrow y = \frac{900 – 3*150}{2} = 225 \ m \) |
| \(A = 450x – 1.5x^2 = 450 \times 150 – 1.5 \times 150^2 = 33750m^2\). |
Wally’s income is \($122680\), so they are in the 4th tax bracket.
The total amount of tax required is
| \($20797 + 0.37 (122680 \ – 90000) = $32888.6\) |
The total tax paid is \($3000 \times 12 = $36000\)
Therefore the tax refund will be \( = 36000 \ – 32888.6 = $3111.40\).
| \begin{align*} 2% &= 0.02\\ Price_{2019} \times (1+0.02) &= Price_{2020}\\ Price_{2019} \times 1.02 &= $122\\ Price_{2019} &= \frac{\$122}{1.02}\\ &= $119.61 \end{align*} |
| \begin{align*} \text{17% per annum} &= 0.17\\ \text{Interest rate per day}&= \frac{0.17}{365}\\ \text{Amount owing after 15 years} &= $500(1 + \frac{0.17}{365})^{15}\\ &= $503.50\\ \text{After repayment}&= $503.50 – $250 = $253.50 \\ \end{align*} |
The ratio is \(15:9:4\), so:
| \begin{align*} \textrm{Pineapple: } 15 &\rightarrow 3 \textrm{ litres}\\ 1 &\rightarrow \frac{1}{5} \textrm{ litre}\\ \textrm{Orange: } 4 \textrm { parts} &\rightarrow ?\\ \textrm{Since } 1 \textrm{ part} &\rightarrow \frac{1}{5} \textrm{ litre}\\ \textrm{Multiply by 4 to obtain:}\\ 4 \textrm{ parts} &\rightarrow \frac{4}{5} \textrm{ litres}\\ \textrm{Orange juice } = 800ml\textrm{ or } 0.8L \end{align*} |
| \begin{align*} \textrm {Volume } = 35 \times 20 \times 40 &= 28000ml\\ &= 28L\\ \text{Ratio: }&15:9:4\\ \text{Total parts }&=15 + 9 + 4 = 28 \text{ parts}\\ ∴ 1 \text{ part} &= 1 \text{ litre}\\ \text{Mango Juice }&= 9L\\ \end{align*} |
The equation for b is \(V_b = 30 (t-15)\), reflecting the statement that it increases at a rate of \(30\) after \(t=15\) minutes.
The intersection above shows that the tanks contain the same volume of water at around \(30\) minutes; this can be solved to obtain:
| \begin{align*} V_a &= 1000 – 2t\\ V_b &= 30 (t-15)\\ 100 – 20t &= 30(t-15)\\ 1000-20t &= 30t = 450 \\ 50t &= 1450\\ t&=29\\ V&=420 \end{align*} |
| \begin{align*} Total &= 1000 – 20t + 30 (t-15)\\ &= 1000 – 20t + 30t – 450\\ &= 550 + 10t\\ &= 1000 \text{ (from question)}\\ 10t &= 450\\ t&=45 \end{align*} |
| \begin{align*} SA &= 2 \times \textrm{Triangle} + 2 \times \text{Roof rectangle} + 2 \times {Cube face}\\ &= 2 \times (\frac{1}{2} \times 8 \times 3) + 2 \times (5 \times 8) + 5 \times ( 8 \times 8)\\ &= 24 + 80 + 320\\ &= 424 cm^2\\ \end{align*} |
Hence the surface area of the solid is \(424cm^2\).
Start by completing a forward and backwards scan to determine Earliest Starting Times (Red) and Latest Starting Times (Blue):
The minimum time needed to prepare the meal is, therefore \(46\) minutes, reading off the last node.
The activities on the critical path are \(C\Rightarrow D \Rightarrow E \Rightarrow F \Rightarrow H \Rightarrow I\), as they have no float time.
We can calculate the float time by subtracting the earliest and latest start times for each activity.
| Activity | Earliest Start Time | Float Time (minutes) |
| A | 0 | 12 min |
| G | 20 | 15 |
To do this, you need to draw two trapeziums on either side of the sharp point, take measurements of the heights of the trapeziums, and then calculate an area estimate:
\begin{align*}
A &\approx \frac{20}{2}(25+20) + \frac{20}{2}(20+20)\\
&= 450 +400\\
&= 850m^2
\end{align*}
You can see that the trapeziums cover more area than the red shape; and hence the estimated area of part (a) is more than the actual area of the garden.
What we know:
| \begin{align*} x &> 15\\ mean_1 – mean_2 &= 10 \times (median_1 – median_2)\\ \end{align*} So, \begin{align*} mean_1 &= \frac{1+5+6+10+15}{5} = \frac{40}{5}=8\\ median_1 &= 9\\ median_2 &= 9.5\\ 8-mean_2 &= 10 (9-9.5)\\ 8-mean_2 &= -5\\ mean_2 &= 13 \\ ∴ 13 &= \frac{40+x}{6}\\ 78 &= 40 + x \\ x &= 38 \end{align*} |
| \begin{align*} \textrm{ABC total share price }&= 200 \times \$5.50\\ &= $1100\\ \textrm{dividends from ABC } &= $1100 \times 0.06\\ &= $66\\ \end{align*} Let \(x\) be the number of shares in \(\text{XYZ}\). \begin{align*} \textrm{XYZ total share price }&= 6x\\ \textrm{dividends from XYZ} &= 6x \times 0.04\\ &=0.24x\\\\ \textrm{dividends from ABC }+ \textrm{dividends from XYZ} &= \textrm{total dividends}\\ 66 + 0.24x &= 149.52 \\ 0.24x &= 83.52\\ x &= 348\\ \end{align*} |
Therefore, Jana has \(348\) shares in \(XYZ\).
To find maximum flow, we trace all the possible paths from the source to the sink. Then, for each path, we determine the smallest pipe in the path, and fill the remaining pipes with this smallest value. We then add the pipe’s flow to the total flow. Using this method, we obtain a possible maximum flow rate (in brackets)
From here, we can take a cut on a set of flows that are not indeterminate, to calculate the maximum flow rate. For this question, this is \(50 + 75 + 100 +50 = 275\).
The value of the cut is given as the sum of all pipes that flow from the source node set to the sink node set. This means we exclude flow CB, giving a cut value of \(50 + 75 + 200 = 325\). This is more than the maximum flow rate of \(275\), so this cut is not a minimum cut.
We have
| \begin{align*} \angle APB &= \angle NPB – \angle NPA \\ &= 100° – 35° \\ &= 65° \\ \end{align*} |
as required.
Using the cosine rule, we have
| \begin{align*} AB^2 &= AP^2 + PB^2 – 2 \times AP \times PB \times \cos 65° \\ &= 7^2 + 9^2 – 2 \times 7 \times 9 \times \cos 65° \\ &= 76.75 \ \end{align*} |
so
| \begin{align*} AB &= \sqrt{76.75} \\ &= 8.76 \, \text{km} \quad \text{(correct to 2 d.p.)} \,. \end{align*} |
Using the cosine rule, we have
| \begin{equation*} PB^2 = AP^2 + AB^2 – 2 \times AP \times AB \times \cos (\angle PAB) \\ \end{equation*} |
Rearranging this gives
| \begin{align*} \cos (\angle PAB) &= \frac{AP^2 + AB^2 – PB^2}{2 \times AP \times AB} \\ &= \frac{7^2 + 76.75 – 9^2}{2 \times 7 \times 8.76} \\ &= 0.365 \\ \end{align*} |
so
| \begin{align*} \angle PAB &= \cos^{-1} (0.365) \\ &= 68° 36′ \\ &\approx 69° \ \end{align*} |
Therefore,
| \begin{align*} \text{bearing} &= 180° – (69° – 35°) \\ &= 146° \quad \text{(correct to the nearest degree)} \,. \end{align*} |
Using the given perimeter we have
| \begin{align*} AB &= \frac{\text{perimeter}}{\text{number of sides}} \\ &= \frac{80}{10} \\ &= 8 \ \text{cm} \\ \end{align*} |
We also have
| \begin{align*} \angle AOB &= 360° \div 10 \\ &= 36° \\ \end{align*} |
Using the cosine rule gives
| \begin{equation*} AB^2 = AO^2 + BO^2 – 2 \times AO \times BO \times \cos \angle AOB \,. \end{equation*} |
Since \(AO = BO\) and \(AB = 8\), we have
| \begin{align*} 8^2 &= AO^2 + AO^2 – 2 \times AO \times AO \times \cos 36° \\ 64 &= 2 \left(AO\right)^2 – 2 AO^2 \cos 36° \\ 64 &= AO^2 \left(2 – 2 \cos 36°\right) \\ AO^2 &= \frac{64}{2 – 2 \cos 36°} \,. \end{align*} |
Therefore,
| \begin{align*} \text{area of the decagon} &= 10 \times \text{area of $\triangle AOB$} \\ &= 10 \times \left[\frac{1}{2} \times AO^2 \sin 36°\right] \\ &= 10 \times \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{64}{2 – 2 \cos 36°} \times \sin 36° \\ &= 492.429… \\ &\approx 492.4 \, \textrm{cm}^2 \quad \text{(correct to 1 d.p.)} \,. \end{align*} |
Reading from the graph, the solution is \($4000\).
| \begin{align*} y&=A\times b^n\\ \end{align*} At \(n=0\), \(y=1000\), so: \begin{align*} 1000 &= A\times b^0\\ &= A \times 1\\ &= A\\ ∴ A &= 1000\\ \end{align*} |
From our answer in (a), we have \(4000 = 1000 \times b^{40}\). Given even \(2^{40}\) is a very large number, we should start our guess and check with a small number:
| Guess b | \( y = 1000 \times b^4 0\) | Result |
| 1.5 | 1010 | Too large |
| 1.1 | 45259 | Too large |
| 1.05 | 7040 | Too large |
| 1.04 | 4801 | Too large |
| 1.03 | 3262 | Too small |
The upper and lower estimates are therefore \(1.03\) and \(1.04\).
We use the recurrence relation starting with
| \begin{equation*} A_0 = 60000 \\ \end{equation*} |
The amount of money in the account after the first withdrawal is
| \begin{align*} A_1 &= A_0 (1.005) – 800 \\ &= 60000 (1.005) – 800 \\ \end{align*} |
the amount of money in the account after the second withdrawal is
| \begin{align*} A_2 &= A_1 (1.005) – 800 \\ &= [60000 (1.005) – 800] (1.005) – 800 \\ &= 60000 (1.005)^2 – 800 (1 + 1.005) \\ \end{align*} |
and the amount of money in the account after the third withdrawal is
| \begin{align*} A_3 &= A_2 (1.005) – 800 \\ &= [60000 (1.005)^2 – 800 (1 + 1.005)] (1.005) – 800 \\ &= 60000 (1.005)^3 – 800 (1 + 1.005 + 1.005^2) \\ &\approx 58492.49 \quad \text{(correct to 2 d.p.)} \\ \end{align*} |
Total Amount Withdrawn after 3 months
| \begin{align*} &= 800 \times 3 \\ &= 2400 \end{align*} |
Balance reduced after 3 months
| \begin{align*} &= 60000 – 58492.49 \\ &= 1507.51 \end{align*} |
Therefore, interest earned
| \begin{align*} &= 2400 – 1507.51 \\ &= 892.49 \end{align*} |
Yin’s IQ is 128.
City A’s mean IQ is \(\mu = 108 \), and they have standard deviation \(\Sigma = 10 \).
The z-score of Yin’s IQ in City A is therefore:
| \begin{align*} z &= \frac{128 – 100}{10}\\ &= 2 \end{align*} |
We know that \(95\% \) of a normal distribution has z-scores between \(-2 \) and \(2 \); so \(100-95 = 5 \% \) have z-scores beyond \(-2\) and \(2 \).
Now, since a normal distribution is symmetric, there should be an equal portion of people with z-scores less than \(-2 \) and greater than \(+2 \).
∴ The percentage of adults in city A with a higher IQ is \(5\% \div 2 = 2.5\%\).
Yin’s IQ is 128.
City B has \(\mu = 112\), \(\sigma = 16\).
In a normal distribution. 68% have z-scores between -1 and 1; so \(100-68 = 32\%\) have z-scores beyond \(1\) and \(-1\).
A normal distribution is symmetric, so there are an equal proportion of adults with z-scores less than \(-1\) and greater than \(1\).
∴ Percentage of adults with z-scores less than 1 is \(32\% \div 2 = 16\%\)
∴ Percentage of adults with IQ less than Yin in City B is \(16\% + 68\% = 84\%\)
∴ Number of adults in City B with an IQ less than Yin’s is \(84\% \times 1,000,000 = 840,000.\)
Simon’s z-score in city A is \(z_a = \frac{x-108}{10}\); in city B it is \(z_b = \frac{x – 112}{16}\).
If we equate \(z_a = z_b\), then we have:
| \begin{align*} \frac{x – 108}{10} &= \frac{x-112}{16}\\ 16 (x – 108) &= 10 (x-112)\\ 16x – 1728 &= 10x – 1120\\ 16x – 10x &= -1120 + 1728\\ 6x &= 608\\ x \approx 101.3 \textrm{ (3 d.p.)}\\ \end{align*} |
From the box plot, the median of the temperature is \(22\) degrees Celsius. It is given that the mean temperature is \(0.525\) degrees below the median temperature, so
| \begin{align*} \bar{x} &= 22 – 0.525 \\ &= 21.475 \\ \end{align*} |
degrees Celsius. The average number of chirps over the 20 days is
| \begin{align*} \bar{y} &= \frac{684}{20} \\ &= 34.2 \\ \end{align*} |
Taking the expected value of both sides of
| \begin{equation*} y = -10.6063 + bx \\ \end{equation*} |
gives
| \begin{equation*} \bar{y} = -10.6063 + b \bar{x} \\ \end{equation*} |
so
| \begin{equation*} 34.2 = -10.6063 + b (21.475) \\ \end{equation*} |
and
| \begin{align*} b &= \frac{34.2 + 10.6063}{21.475} \\ &= 2.08644004657 \\ \end{align*} |
This means that
| \begin{equation*} y = -10.6063 + 2.08644004657x \\ \end{equation*} |
Therefore, the number of chirps expected in a 15-second interval when the temperature is 19 degrees Celsius is found by substituting \(x = 19\), giving
| \begin{align*} y &= -10.6063 + 2.08644004657 (19) \\ &\approx 29 \quad \text{(correct to the nearest whole number)} \\ \end{align*} |
The minimum lump sum is the amount that results in no money in Wilma’s account after \(30\) years of withdrawals.
For \($1000\) at the end of each year for \(20\) years:
| \begin{align*} A_1 &= 1000 \times 16.351\\ &= $ 16351 \\ \end{align*} |
For \($3000\) each year for ten years starting \(21\) years afte rthe account is opened:
| \begin{align*} A_2 = \frac{3000\times 8.983}{1.02^{20}} = $ 18135.90 \\ \end{align*} |
We divide by \(1.02^{20}\) because of accruing \(2%\) p.a. interest over \(20\) years.
| \begin{align*} \textrm{Minimum lump sum }&= A_1 + A_2\\ &= 16351 + 18135.90\\ &= \$34486.90\\ \end{align*} |
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Written by Matrix Maths Team
The Matrix Maths Team are tutors and teachers with a passion for Mathematics and a dedication to seeing Matrix Students achieving their academic goals.
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