Chemical Reactions Year 11 Chemistry Students Must Know

Chemical Reactions in Year 11

Metals in Water

Reactive Metal + Liquid Water → Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen Gas

E.g. Na(s) + H₂O(l) → NaOH(aq) + H₂(g)

Metal + Steam → Metal Oxide + Hydrogen Gas

E.g. Zn(s) + H₂O(g) → ZnO(s) + H₂(g)

Combustion of a Metal

Metal + Oxygen Gas → Metal Oxide

E.g. 2Mg(s) + O₂(g) → MgO(s)

Combustion of a Carbon Compound

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide Gas + Liquid Water

E.g. 2C₈H₁₈(l) + 25O₂(g) → 16CO₂(g) + 18H₂O(l)

Metals with Acids

Metal + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen gas

E.g. Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl₂(aq) + H₂(g)

Carbonates with Acids

Carbonate + Acid → Salt + Carbon Dioxide Gas + Liquid Water

E.g. Na₂CO₃(aq) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + CO₂(g) + H₂O(l)

Oxidation

Metal → Metal Ion + Electron/s

E.g. Cu(s) → Cu²⁺(aq) + 2e^– 

Reduction

Metal Ion + Electron/s → Metal

E.g. Ag⁺(aq) + e^– → Ag(s)

Redox (Reduction-Oxidation Reactions)

This reaction involves the transfer of electron/s from one reactant to another. This thus results in both a reduction and oxidation reaction occurring. To obtain the redox reaction, you can either write the net ionic equation for a displacement reaction (option 1) or add reduction and oxidation reactions together (option 2).

E.g. OPTION 1:

Cu(s) + 2AgNO₃(aq) → Cu(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2Ag(s)

Cu(s) + 2Ag⁺(aq) + 2NO₃^–  → Cu²⁺(aq) + 2NO₃^– + 2Ag(s)

Cu(s) + 2Ag⁺(aq) + 2NO₃^– → Cu²⁺(aq) + 2NO₃^– + 2Ag(s)

Cu(s) + 2Ag⁺(aq) → Cu²⁺(aq) + 2Ag(s)

E.g. OPTION 2

NOTE: BOTH THE CONSERVATION OF MASS AND CHARGE MUST BE SHOWN IN YOUR EQUATION!

Cu(s) → Cu²⁺(aq) + 2e^–

                                    +

2Ag⁺(aq) + 2e^– → 2Ag(s)

__________________

Cu(s) + 2Ag⁺(aq) + 2e^– → Cu²⁺(aq) + 2e^– + 2Ag(s)

Cu(s) + 2Ag⁺(aq) → Cu²⁺(aq) + 2Ag(s)

Photosynthesis

Carbon Dioxide Gas + Liquid Water → Solid Glucose + Oxygen Gas

I.e. 6CO₂(g) + 6H₂O(l) → C₆H₁₂O₆(s) + 6O₂(g)

Respiration

Aqueous Glucose + Oxygen Gas → Carbon Dioxide Gas + Liquid Water

I.e. C₆H₁₂O₆(s) + 6O₂(g) → 6CO₂(g) + 6H₂O(l)

Lime Water Test (Lime Water and Carbon Dioxide)

Calcium hydroxide + Gaseous carbon dioxide → Solid calcium carbonate + liquid water

I.e. Ca(OH)₂(aq) + CO₂(g) → CaCO₃(s) + H₂O(l)

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